Multilateral environmental agreements ratified by Pakistan

Pakistan being an active, and environmentally conscious country has become a part of many multilateral environmental agreements MEAs immediately after its emergence on the map of the world in 1947. Pakistan has a unique and rich environment, diverse wildlife, beautiful landscapes, and nurturing ecosystems. The state aims to protect all of these efficiently. Pakistan understands how important it is to maintain the environmental assets of the country and how important it is to be a responsible member of the international community, environmental conventions and treaties. This article concise all of the international conventions and treaties, Pakistan is a signatory to.

International environmental conventions and treaties and Pakistan

Paris Agreement

This agreement is a part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC and like many other countries, Pakistan is a part of this agreement focusing on the strategies for reduction of global temperature and encouraging the control of climate change.

• Date of signature: 1992
• Location: Rio de Janeiro Brazil
• Ratification: 1994

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SDGs Sustainable development goals Agenda 2030

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Agenda 2030 is very important for environmental protection. This goal does just not deal with the betterment of the environment but also aims to improve the economy, human welfare, and health.

• Date of signature: September 2015
• Location: New York, USA
• Ratification: September 2015

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

The convention aims to responsibly use biological resources like plants and animals and to manage and conserve biological diversity.

• Sign: June 1992
• Location: Rio de Janeiro Brazil
• Ratification: 26 July 1994.

Montreal protocol

Pakistan is a participant in this protocol to control the production, consumption, and ban of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) for example CFCS.

• Date of signature: January 1989
• Location: Montreal, Canada
• Ratification: December 1992

Basel Convention

Pakistan is also of the management of hazardous waste and its transboundary movement and for regulating the disposal of hazardous waste.

• Date of signature: May 1992
• Location: Basel, Switzerland
• Ratification: October 1994

Ramsar convention

The Ramsar Convention is a very important international treaty to conserve wetlands and make sustainable use of wetland resources. Pakistan with a lot of wetlands, mangroves, lakes, and marshes has become a part of this convention to protect the regional wetlands of international importance.

• Date of signature: 1971
• Location: Ramsar, Iran.
• Ratification: 23 November 1976

Stockholm Convention

It aims to manage persistent organic pollutants (POPS) and how can we reduce them to save the environment and human health.

• Date of signature: 6th December 2001
• Location: Stockholm, Sweden.
• Ratification: 17th April 2008

Marpol convention

This international convention deals with the prevention of pollution from ships. How to reduce the pollutants like oil chemicals and hazardous substances intentionally or unintentionally released from the ships.

• Date of signature: 2^nd October 1983
• Location: London, UK.
• Ratification: 22^nd November 1944

Kyoto protocol

Pakistan has also been a part of this protocol since 1998 and aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the environment to control global warming and climate change.

• Date of signature: December 1997
• Location: Kyoto, Japan
• Ratification: January 2005

World heritage convention

Cultural and natural heritage are part of the environment and need to be protected and preserved. UNESCO World Heritage Convention deals with the management of cultural and heritage sites of the country. Pakistan is rich having a lot of heritage sites and is working on the protection of these.

• Date of signature: 16th November 1972
• Location: Paris, France
• Ratification: 23rd July 1976

Bonn Convention

This convention deals with the conservation of the migratory wild animals. Pakistan also has a lot of migratory species which need to be protected and conserved by the country.

• Date of signature: 1981
• Location: Bonn, Germany
• Ratification: December 1987

CITES convention

CITES is a convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. This treaty is very important and aims to protect the endangered species during the international trade. It protects the survival of wild animals and plants.

• Date of signature: 1973
• Location: Washington D.C, USA
• Ratification: April 1976

UNCCD

Pakistan is prone to desertification and degradation of land and became a part of the United Nations Convention to compare desertification (UNCCD). This convention deals with the sustainable uses of land to manage it and to reduce desertification and mitigation.

• Date of signature: 15th October 1994
• Location: Paris, France
• Ratification: 24th February, 1997

Rotterdam Convention

Pakistan became a member of this convention to protect human health and the environment due to the impact of the importation and exportation of hazardous chemicals and pesticides and include prior informed consent  (PIC).

• Date of signature: September, 1999
• Location: Rotterdam,
• Ratification: 14th July 2005

Nuclear safety convention

Pakistan is also a responsible member of this convention which aims to provide safety to the nuclear power plants and prevent accidents to protect the people and the environment.

• Date of signature: 17^th June 1994
• Location: Vienna, Austria
• Ratification: 24^th October 1996

CPB Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

Pakistan is a part of this protocol intending to handle store and transport genetically modified organisms (GMOs) safely.

• Date of signature: June 2001
• Location: Cartagena, Spain.
• Ratification: 2009

Vienna Convention

This convention also deals with the protection of the ozone layer and aims to reduce the ozone-depleting substances (ODS).

• Date of signature: 22nd March 1985
• Location: Vienna, Austria
• Ratification: 1992

UNCLOS

UNCLOS stands for United National Convention on the Law of the Sea. This convention addresses the peaceful and sustainable usage of the sea resources.

• Date of signature: 10^th December 1982
• Location: Montego Bay, Jamaica
• Ratification: 26^th February 1997

Environmental modification convention

It prevents the aggressive use of environmental modification techniques for military purposes.

• Date of signature: 18^th May 1977
• Location: Geneva, Switzerland
• Ratification: 5^th October 1978